jekyll serve might put localhost in feed urls. One way to fix it is just use jekyll build for production after local server test. But that’s not really a fix.
But you can manually edit jekyll-feed gem and put your url there.
Find Ruby: where ruby
Gems are at: Ruby\lib\ruby\gems\version\gems\
Open jekyll-feed-0.17.0\lib\jekyll-feed\feed.xml
This is a template for your feed xml file. You have to find instances of {{ page.url | absolute_url }} and {{ post.url | absolute_url }} and replace them with https://username.github.io/example{{ page.url }} and https://username.github.io/example{{ post.url }}.
Make sure that you didn’t mix up posts and pages.